The purpose of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the state policy of the SSR on the transformation of the religious worldview, beliefs and ethnic identity of national minorities, as well as on changes in their cultural identity and social identity. The leading methodological approaches are the descriptive method, historiographical analysis and synthesis, as well as problem-chronological and socio-cultural approaches. The article examines the normative legal acts regulating the activities of religious organizations and their impact on the cultural institutions of ethnic minorities. Special attention is paid to the study of the political and ideological mechanisms by which the Soviet regime exerted pressure on religious and ethnic structures, contributing to the unification of cultural identities and the suppression of religious traditions.