This article presents an analysis of the current state of local self-government institutions in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The relevance of this research is driven by the need for the development of local self-government in the country. The main objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of local self-government institutions and identify factors influencing their functioning.The authors focus on two key institutions of local self-government – maslikhats and akims – and provide an overview of the changes that have occurred in these institutions over the past decades. The paper underscores the importance of active citizen participation in local self-government and examines the challenges facing Kazakhstan, such as passivity and distrust of the authorities among the population.The research is conducted using a methodology based on the analysis of existing data, expert opinions, and a review of legislative acts.As a result of the study, the conclusion is drawn that the Republic of Kazakhstan faces a significant choice in the development of local self-government and democratic reforms. This work contributes to the field of knowledge about local self-government and offers practical recommendations for improving the local governance system in Kazakhstan. The research findings have practical value for the development of policies related to local self-government and citizen participation at the local level.