The article will focus on one of the oldest peoples of Western Asia of autochthonous origin, whose reliable historical existence in this region exceeds two and a half millennia. About the people who finally completed their ethnic consolidation in the V-VI centuries, having clearly expressed ethno-national characteristics. The territory of the main settlement of the Kurdish ethnic group, the language in different dialect forms, its own mentality and anthropological and ethnic characteristics, a peculiar and rich culture. Currently, Kurdistan is politically divided between Turkey, Iran and Iraq, whose state borders, passing through the territory inhabited by Kurds, converge approximately in the center of Kurdistan. At the same time, the article also focuses on controversial issues.