This article provides a comprehensive overview of key theoretical frameworks, taking a deeper look at contemporary theories in the study of ethnic identity. Since the basis of this concept originates from Western sociologists and anthropological scientists, their concepts and works were differentiated. Explores various perspectives on the formation of ethnic identity in modern society.

This is because ethnic identity is a complex and multifaceted construct that includes various disciplines and has attracted the attention of researchers. It is important to compare the ways of understanding the theories of ethnic identity and to identify the relevant perspectives.

In addition, the article examines the methods of primordialism, constructivism, and instrumentalism, which are important in the study of the issue of ethnicity and nation. And in the course of the discussion, theories that offer opposing views on ethnic identities will be discussed. Through this multidimensional analysis, the article attempts to provide a comprehensive account of the study of ethnic identity.

Combining insights from various theoretical perspectives, it offers insights into the dynamic nature of ethnic identities and their relationship to social cohesion and cultural diversity in contemporary societies. The importance of combining various theories for a comprehensive understanding of ethnic identity is emphasized and recommendations are made for developing an appreciation of cultural diversity.