The purpose of this study is to analyze the methodology of sociological research of the influence of family structure on socialization and behavior of children in different cultural contexts. Particular attention is paid to the methodology of sociological research on the lives of children in single-parent families in Europe, the United States, and Asia, as well as to the identification of factors that can mitigate negative effects.

The methodological basis of the study includes a literature review of 42 sources of European, American and Asian scholars in the field of sociology, a comparative analysis of methodological approaches, as well as the study of empirical data from previous studies. The methods of content analysis of scientific publications, comparative-historical analysis and comparison of national strategies of social support for families were applied.

The results of the study show that children brought up in a single-parent family more often face social, emotional and educational difficulties. State support (financial assistance, educational services, psychological counseling) reduces their negative consequences.

The developed European system of social protection, consisting of comprehensive support measures for single parents and educational initiatives, minimizes negative consequences. In the USA, the level of social assistance varies depending on the economic status of the family and the state. However, studies emphasize the impact of family structure on cognitive development and environmental stability. In Asia, the extended family plays an important role in children's adjustment, but in some countries the social stigma of single-parent families complicates their socialization.

The practical significance of the study lies in the identification of key factors influencing the behavior of children from single-parent families. The results of the work can be used in sociological, psychological and pedagogical research, as well as in creating strategies for social support of families in the context of modern demographic changes.