Purpose. The article identifies the principal levels, determinants, and mechanisms of multiple diasporic identity and specifies the conditions under which ethnic, civic, diasporic, and digital belongings can be reconciled. Design/methodology/approach. The study combines constructivist, transnational, institutional, and process-oriented perspectives. It uses an integrative qualitative review of 50 theoretical and empirical works published between 1983 and 2026, with particular attention to recent studies of digital diasporas, intergenerational memory, and transnational mobility. Findings. Multiple identity is not a mechanical collection of roles but a dynamic configuration of interdependent belongings. Its concrete form varies with migration trajectory, legal status, language, institutional environment, generation, relations with the historical homeland, and the affordances of digital platforms. The article proposes a four-level model encompassing ethnic, civic, diasporic, and digital-networked identity. These levels may reinforce one another; however, they may also conflict when boundaries between “us” and “them” become politically instrumentalized. Originality/value. The proposed model links classical diaspora theory with research on digital communication and explains identity through situational activation, negotiation, and institutional recognition rather than through a choice between assimilation and cultural isolation. The practical implication is that equal citizenship, cultural reproduction, intergenerational dialogue, and media literacy should be supported simultaneously. This approach treats ethnocultural diversity as a resource for social resilience and offers a framework for examining the balance between common civic belonging and the preservation of cultural distinctiveness in Kazakhstan and other multiethnic societies.