The term "globalization" has acquired a pronounced emotional connotation. Some believe that this is a beneficial process that is of key importance for the development of the world economy in the future, and that it is inevitable and irreversible. Others treat it with hostility, even with fear, believing that globalization leads to an increase in inequality between countries and within them, creates a threat of rising unemployment, decrease in living standards and serves as a brake on social progress. Globalization offers tremendous opportunities for truly global development, but the pace of its spread is uneven. The process of integration into the world economy is happening faster in some countries than in others. Countries that have managed to achieve integration experience higher rates of growth and poverty reduction.

This article proposes an analysis of the essence and impact of globalization on economic processes. The authors came to the conclusion that globalization and increased international competition require new approaches to the comprehensive development of national economies. The study of the essence of globalization has been further developed and the need to develop appropriate concepts for the functioning of national economies in these conditions has been substantiated.

Globalization has moved from purely theoretical spheres to the practical plane and is increasingly felt at the everyday level. The problems of studying migration flows have not yet acquired such a scale and are more often mentioned in connection with the problems of the transit of migration flows from Asia to Europe. However, globalization and migration flows have a significant impact on the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan and turn from purely external factors into factors in the development of internal processes. It is extremely important to carefully study the essence, nature and trends of globalization, to understand the trajectory of its development.